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• Antarctic sea ice cover in the instrumental period
  :''This page is part of the topic [[Antarctic climate and environment change in the instrumental period]]'' ...1970s microwave instruments on polar orbiting satellites have enabled sea ice observations to be made year-round and even during periods of complete clou
  22 KB (3,536 words) - 13:25, 22 August 2014

Page text matches

• Antarctic and Southern Ocean sea level projections
  :''This page is part of the topic [[Antarctic climate and environment change over the next 100 years]]'' ...lly by melting of land-based sources of ice (glaciers and ice caps and the ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica). The amount of thermal expansion is non
  16 KB (2,491 words) - 13:16, 22 August 2014
• Antarctic climate and environment change in the instrumental period
  ...orological conditions across the Southern Ocean, ocean conditions, the sea ice extent and the terrestrial and marine biology. ...this really began the period of organised scientific investigation in the Antarctic. Most of these stations were not operated for long periods, which is a hand
  3 KB (501 words) - 16:48, 6 August 2014
• Antarctic climate and environment change over the next 100 years
  ...t for both scientists and policymakers concerned with issues as diverse as sea-level rise and fish stocks. A major problem is that we still have a poor un ...ojections for temperature and precipitation were used to estimate how much sea level would rise under various greenhouse gas emission scenarios. In the fo
  5 KB (788 words) - 16:49, 6 August 2014
• Antarctic climate and environment history in the pre-instrumental period
  ...and its effects on global sea level, and the changing distribution of sea ice and its effect on climate are then described. ...nt interglacial, the Holocene is described in detail from a combination of ice cores, marine sediments, lake sediments and terrestrial records with a focu
  17 KB (2,554 words) - 16:45, 6 August 2014
• Antarctic Climate Change and the Environment
  ...as changed from Deep Time until the present day. It also considers how the Antarctic environment may change over the next century in a world where greenhouse ga ...fic Committee on Antarctic Research ([http://www.scar.org/ SCAR]) known as Antarctic Climate Change and the Environment (ACCE), which is described in [[About AC
  4 KB (504 words) - 17:51, 21 August 2014
• Antarctic deglaciation and its impact on global sea level
  ...at the LGM from ice-dynamic reconstructions of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets during the glacial cycles, ''Quaternary Science Reviews'', '''21''', ...ce the eustatic contribution and so there is a continuous fall in relative sea level like that seen in areas such as Hudson Bay or Sweden today.
  21 KB (3,294 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Antarctic sea ice cover in the instrumental period
  :''This page is part of the topic [[Antarctic climate and environment change in the instrumental period]]'' ...1970s microwave instruments on polar orbiting satellites have enabled sea ice observations to be made year-round and even during periods of complete clou
  22 KB (3,536 words) - 13:25, 22 August 2014
• Atmospheric chemistry changes over the 21st century
  ==Antarctic stratospheric ozone over the next 100 years== ...averaged over some period, and it is the most accurate diagnostic of total Antarctic ozone loss.</li>
  27 KB (4,305 words) - 16:22, 6 August 2014
• Atmospheric chemistry in the instrumental period
  :''This page is part of the topic [[Antarctic climate and environment change in the instrumental period]]'' ==Antarctic stratospheric ozone in the instrumental period==
  43 KB (6,788 words) - 17:07, 22 August 2014
• Atmospheric circulation changes in the instrumental period
  :''This page is part of the topic [[Antarctic climate and environment change in the instrumental period]]'' ...08. Here the SAM is in its positive phase with negative anomalies over the Antarctic and positive anomalies over the Southern Ocean.]]
  54 KB (8,177 words) - 13:38, 22 August 2014
• Atmospheric circulation changes over the 21st century
  ...ulation in the warming of the Antarctic Peninsula, the distribution of sea ice, and the seasonal to interannual variability of the Southern Hemisphere. ...y, analyses of sea level pressure have revealed secular decreases over the Antarctic, associated with increases in mid-latitude westerlies, a poleward displacem
  29 KB (4,462 words) - 17:11, 22 August 2014
• Attribution of ice sheet changes in the instrumental period
  :''This page is part of the topic [[The ice sheet in the instrumental period]]'' ...such as recent/anthropogenic climate change. The inescapable fact is that ice sheet behaviour manifests itself as the superposition of multiple responses
  13 KB (1,943 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Biological modelling and bioregionalization
  ...rt of the topic [[Models of the physical and biological environment of the Antarctic]]'' ...y production, and are either supported or reduced by the occurrence of sea ice (Beaman and Harris, 2005<ref name="Beaman and Harris, 2005">Beaman, R.J. an
  8 KB (1,225 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Biological response of birds and mammals
  ...sonality of high latitudes, phenology is a key aspect of the adaptation of Antarctic organisms and populations to change, and can be used to evaluate the match ...., Baroni, C., Lambert, D.M. 2005. Microevolution and mega-icebergs in the Antarctic, ''Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.'', '''102''', 16717-16722</ref>). This suggests t
  16 KB (2,488 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Changes in Antarctic snowfall over the past 50 years
  :''This page is part of the topic [[Antarctic climate and environment change in the instrumental period]]'' ==General spatial and temporal characteristics of Antarctic snowfall==
  20 KB (3,125 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Changes in sea ice extent through the Holocene
  ...e it will be essential to use proxy records to represent how Antarctic sea ice has changed in the past. ...ichon, J.J. and Burckle, L.H. 1998b. Reappraisal of Antarctic seasonal sea-ice at the Last Glacial Maximum, ''Geophysical Research Letters'', '''25''', 27
  24 KB (3,785 words) - 17:17, 22 August 2014
• Changes to the Terrestrial cryosphere over the next 100 years
  :''This page is part of the topic [[Antarctic climate and environment change over the next 100 years]]'' ...xy data and analogues exist. The broad range of time scale response of the ice sheet guarantees that future behaviour will be composed of a superposition
  26 KB (4,124 words) - 14:04, 22 August 2014
• Concluding remarks on the pre-instrumental period
  :''This page is part of the topic [[Antarctic climate and environment history in the pre-instrumental period]]'' ...ter resolution both temporally (for instance, in the phasing of changes in Antarctic climate, environmental parameters and atmospheric composition) and spatiall
  7 KB (1,082 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Conclusions on the ice sheet in the instrumental period
  :''This page is part of the topic [[The ice sheet in the instrumental period]]'' ...e been considered unlikely even a decade ago. The geographic extent of the ice sheet places different parts in markedly different positions within the glo
  3 KB (475 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Coupled atmosphere-ocean models
  ...rt of the topic [[Models of the physical and biological environment of the Antarctic]]'' ...r strengths and weaknesses, before presenting some results relevant to the Antarctic from the models used in the IPCC AR4.
  13 KB (2,051 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Deglaciation of the continental shelf, coastal margin and continental interior
  ...nsula Climate Variability: Historical and Paleoenvironmental Perspectives, Antarctic Research Series, 79. American Geophysical Union.</ref>). ...bsequently, numerous studies have addressed the questions of how large the ice sheets were during the LGM, and when they began their retreat.
  22 KB (3,430 words) - 13:03, 22 August 2014
• Editors
  ...the Global Climate System from 2005 to 2008. He is the co-author of &lsquo;Antarctic Meteorology and Climatology&rsquo; and &lsquo;Polar Lows: Mesoscale Weather ...n quoted commenting on glaciological impacts of the climate on the world's ice sheets and glaciers.
  7 KB (1,089 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• ENSO links and teleconnections to vertebrate life histories and population
  ...summer mean krill density correleated positively with the duration of sea ice the previous winter (Atkinson et al., 2004<ref name="Atkinson et al, 2004"> ...res probably reflect a distribution and dispersal effect across the Scotia Sea and the degree of influence of cooler polar waters in northern regions arou
  15 KB (2,381 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Future developments in Antarctic observation
  ...ignificant problem for researchers in many areas of Antarctic science. The Antarctic continent is large and there are logistical difficulties in getting to many ...launch in coming years, many of which will directly benefit studies of the Antarctic. While not exhaustive because of changing plans, some of these are briefly
  7 KB (1,040 words) - 16:16, 22 August 2014
• Glacial interglacial cycles
  ...ng|thumb|'''3.9''' Main climatic events of the last 1 Million years in the Antarctic context]] ...sy, J.C., McManus, J.F., Lambeck, K., Balbon, E. and Labracherie, M. 2002. Sea level and deep water temperature changes derived from bentic foraminifera i
  35 KB (5,415 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Holocene climate change in East Antarctica (EA)
  ...the lakes, likely related to increased nutrient inputs and a reduction in ice and snow cover at c. 10.2 ka BP, marking the start of relatively warm condi ...Evolution and Processes. Proceedings of the VII International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences, Siena, 1995. Terra Antarctica, Sienna, 809-820.</ref>).
  38 KB (5,787 words) - 17:39, 22 August 2014
• Holocene climate change in the Antarctic Peninsula (AP)
  ...nsula.png|thumb|'''3.26''' Selected Holocene environmental changes &ndash; Antarctic Peninsula]] ...story of the Antarctic Peninsula since the Last Glacial Maximum, Arctic, ''Antarctic and Alpine Research'', '''35''', 175-186.</ref>).
  32 KB (5,127 words) - 17:41, 22 August 2014
• Holocene climate change in the Ross Sea region (RS)
  ....png|thumb|'''3.28''' Selected Holocene environmental changes &ndash; Ross Sea]] ...e Wright, a high-level Antarctic lake during the LGM and early Holocene, ''Antarctic Science'', '''13''', 53-60.</ref>). The large amount of water in these lake
  17 KB (2,705 words) - 17:43, 22 August 2014
• Holocene climate changes
  ...een sufficient variability during the last ~9 ka to cause major changes to Antarctic ecosystems. This natural variability must be taken into account in understa ...n, E.D. 1999. Past and future grounding-line retreat of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. Science 286:280-283.</ref>). Figure modified from Mayewski et al. (2
  39 KB (5,945 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Ice sheet models
  ...rt of the topic [[Models of the physical and biological environment of the Antarctic]]'' ...lication of a continuum-mechanical model for the flow of anisotropic polar ice to the EDML core, Antarctica.
  33 KB (5,053 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Impacts of instrumental period climate change on invertebrates
  ...ns in the Ocean-Ocean Processes and Marine Population Dynamics. California Sea Grant College System, La Jolla.</ref>; Finney et al., 2002<ref name="Finney ...thermal specialization paradigm: compensation for elevated temperatures in Antarctic fish, ''Biol. Lett.'', '''2''', 151-154.</ref>).
  25 KB (3,817 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• In-situ ocean observations
  ...per, 2007">Smith, W. and Asper, V.A. 2007. New Ways to Collect Data in the Antarctic, EOS, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 88, no. 48, 525.</ref>). ...er to examine its properties or by catching and examining animals from the sea has been carried out to some extent since humans first took to the oceans.
  17 KB (2,672 words) - 15:50, 6 August 2014
• Key points - 2009 version
  ...ill increase by several degrees and there will be about one third less sea ice.</li> ...h&rsquo;s biogeochemical cycles. During these times there was little or no ice on land.</li>
  48 KB (7,673 words) - 18:27, 22 August 2014
• Key points - 2013 version
  ...CE Consortium. 2009. Review: Antarctic climate change and the environment, Antarctic Science, 1-23.</ref>). ...ch results emerged. Short information papers describing recent advances in Antarctic climate change and its possible impacts on biota were presented to the ATCM
  142 KB (22,142 words) - 16:25, 6 August 2014
• Long term sea level change in the instrumental period
  :''This page is part of the topic [[Antarctic climate and environment change in the instrumental period]]'' ...26.</ref>). However, it should be noted that the Antarctic contribution to sea level now is small compared to what it was following the LGM Transition and
  8 KB (1,342 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Marine and terrestrial pollution
  ...bal processes (Bargagli, 2005<ref name="Bargagli, 2005">Bargagli, R. 2005. Antarctic Ecosystems: Environmental Contamination, Climate Change, and Human Impact. ...ance of the &ldquo;ozone hole&rdquo; and the rapid regional warming of the Antarctic Peninsula indicate that Antarctica and the Southern Ocean are inextricably
  38 KB (5,770 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Marine biological responses to climate change
  ...: Lower Tertiary La Meseta Formation, Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctic Research Series, 55, 152 pp.</ref>). Thereafter shallow-marine benthic moll .../ref>). Although there is clear geophysical evidence for extensions of the ice-sheet having reduced considerably the area of continental shelf at least on
  54 KB (8,173 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Marine biology in the instrumental period
  :''This page is part of the topic [[Antarctic climate and environment change in the instrumental period]]'' #[[Sea ice ecosystems in the instrumental period]]
  657 B (84 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Marine biology over the next 100 years
  ...Convey, P., Allen, C.S. and Clarke, A.C. 2006. Incursion and excursion of Antarctic biota: past, present and future, ''Global Ecol Biogeogr'', '''15''', 121-14 ...volutionary divergence between geographically separated populations of the Antarctic octopus ''Pareledone turqueti''. Marine Biology, 129 (1), 97-102.</ref>) co
  9 KB (1,386 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Marine biota of the Antarctic
  :''This page is part of the topic [[Biota of the Antarctic]]'' ...ted habitats because of their unusual faunas, which make the waters of the Antarctic shelf comparable to classic evolutionary sites such as the Galapagos.
  43 KB (6,450 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Marine picoplankton response to climate change
  ...al., in press). How these processes, and habitat changes (i.e. loss of sea ice) will impact microbial diversity and community structure is unknown. Studie [[Category:Antarctic biology]]
  2 KB (305 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Meteorological and ozone observing in the Antarctic
  ...nificant impetus towards setting up continuously operating stations in the Antarctic, and over forty were established, of which over a dozen are still operating ...s are much milder than the interior due to the moderating influence of the sea and, at the more local scale, the surrounding rock. Automatic stations are
  59 KB (9,046 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Modelling of the ACC and polar gyres
  ...arm Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) masses close to the edge of the Antarctic Ice Sheet. ...s, N.C., Ivchenko, V.O. and De Cuevas, B.A. 2005. Dynamical budgets of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current using ocean general-circulation models, ''Quart. J. Roy
  8 KB (1,343 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Models of the physical and biological environment of the Antarctic
  ...es. In this section we examine some of the major classes of models used in Antarctic studies. #[[Ice sheet models]]
  2 KB (322 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Near-shore marine disturbances over the next 100 years
  ...x, A., Vaughan, D. and Ferrigno, J. 2005, Retreating glacier fronts on the Antarctic Peninsula over the past half-century, ''Science'', '''308''', 541-544.</ref ...over the next 100 years, possibly increasing to 1.5&ordm;C in the Amundsen Sea, while winter SSTs remain within 0.5&ordm;C of where they are now, except l
  54 KB (8,443 words) - 17:49, 22 August 2014
• Observations, data accuracy and tools
  ...hysical and biological data, including the data that can be extracted from ice cores, along with the information that can be obtained from satellite syste ...ir applications were in the more physical areas of climate, ice sheet, sea ice and ocean modelling. However, they are now starting to be employed in biolo
  2 KB (307 words) - 16:44, 6 August 2014
• Observations for studies of environmental change in the Antarctic
  :''This page is part of the topic [[The Antarctic environment in the global system]]'' ...osphere (known as &lsquo;geospace&rsquo;), coastal sea ice conditions, and sea level. These observations have produced instrumental records that are in ma
  5 KB (752 words) - 15:09, 22 August 2014
• Observations of Antarctic permafrost
  ...temperature (GST) and the thermal properties of the ground, especially its ice/water content. Not all sites are sensitive to climate change, because heat ...ons between climate, vegetation and active layer in Maritime Antarctica, ''Antarctic Science'', '''18'''(3), 323-333.</ref>; Guglielmin et al., 2007<ref name="G
  23 KB (3,347 words) - 19:33, 22 August 2014
• Observations of marine biology
  ...inst sampling effort, from SOMBASE.png|thumb|'''2.29''' Large-scale circum-Antarctic depiction and analysis of semi-standardized biodiversity-datasets is possib Historical expeditions in Antarctic offshore waters dating back to the second half of the 19^th centu
  23 KB (3,516 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Observations of the ice sheet
  ...ovides detailed information about the processes that operate to change the Antarctic environment. The combination of fieldwork, aircraft, and satellite measurem ...[[:File:Figure 1.3 - Antarctic surface elevation.png|Figure 1.3]] on [[The Antarctic cryosphere]]).
  52 KB (8,045 words) - 15:43, 22 August 2014
• Ocean change over the next 100 years
  :''This page is part of the topic [[Antarctic climate and environment change over the next 100 years]]'' ...rvations and between different models. In particular, the transport of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) through Drake Passage simulated by those models r
  33 KB (5,321 words) - 15:57, 22 August 2014
• Ocean models of the Southern Ocean
  ...rt of the topic [[Models of the physical and biological environment of the Antarctic]]'' ...ace and near surface layers. Detailed studies of density currents, the sea ice field and other key regions provide further local checks on model performan
  37 KB (5,859 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Pathways of research in cold-adapted organisms and climate change
  ...d Smith, R.C. 2007. Climate change and the marine ecosystem of the western Antarctic Peninsula, ''Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B'', '''362''', 149-166.</ref>). ...sses relevant to life on Earth. Key questions include: &ldquo;How well are Antarctic organisms able to cope with daily, seasonal and longer-term environmental c
  25 KB (3,663 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Precipitation changes over the 21st century
  ...ount for resolving the uncertainty surrounding the future of the Antarctic ice sheet. ...snow hill is also associated with Byrd&rsquo;s former station on the Ross Ice Shelf).
  18 KB (2,723 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Prospects for marine invasions by non-indigenous species
  ...ove &ndash; except in the case of large mammals from small islands. In the sea, though, there is not a single case of an invading NIS being successfully r ...wn S.L. 2007. Mytilus on the move: transport of an invasive bivalve to the Antarctic, ''Mar. Ecol Progr. Ser.'', '''339''', 307-310.</ref>) found that mussels (
  13 KB (2,063 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Recommendations
  ...mospheric and oceanic circulation around Antarctica, and the volume of the ice sheets, interact and influence climate at a global scale. Although a great ...uplication. Other recommendations can be found in [[Future developments in Antarctic observation]], on specific observing system requirements, and in [[Concludi
  14 KB (2,069 words) - 16:14, 22 August 2014
• Regional climate models
  ...rt of the topic [[Models of the physical and biological environment of the Antarctic]]'' ...rize processes that occur on a subgrid scale &ndash; like the scale of the Antarctic Peninsula. While the spatial resolution of GCMs will increase, their capabi
  5 KB (833 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Regional patterns of holocene climate change in Antarctica
  ...d Evans, J. 2009. Mechanisms of Holocene palaeoenvironmental change in the Antarctic Peninsula region, ''The Holocene'', '''19''', 51-69.</ref>), the role of va ...story of the Antarctic Peninsula since the Last Glacial Maximum, Arctic, ''Antarctic and Alpine Research'', '''35''', 175-186.</ref>).
  10 KB (1,543 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Ross Sea shelf waters in the instrumental period
  ...tal Shelf. In: Eds G. Spezie and G.M.R. Manzella, Oceanography of the Ross Sea Antarctica, Springer-Verlag Italia, Milano, 3-16.</ref>). ...nd S.S. Jacobs (1994) Temporal changes in shelf water of the southern Ross Sea, ''Antarct. J. of the U.S.'', '''29'''(5), 123-124.</ref>) noted that salin
  8 KB (1,297 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Satellite observations of the Southern Ocean
  ...erometers, infra-red and microwave sensors for sea-surface temperature and ice extent and visible-wavelength radiometers for ocean colour. Ensuring their ==Sea Surface Temperature==
  20 KB (3,084 words) - 15:57, 6 August 2014
• Sea ice biological and physical modeling
  ...rt of the topic [[Models of the physical and biological environment of the Antarctic]]'' ...arrison, 1991<ref name="Garrison, 1991">Garrison, D.L. 1991. Antarctic sea ice biota, ''Am. Zool.'', '''31''', 17-33.</ref>).
  18 KB (2,786 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Sea ice change over the 21st century
  :''This page is part of the topic [[Antarctic climate and environment change over the next 100 years]]'' ...aluation of the simulation of the annual cycle of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice coverages by 11 major global climate models, J. Geophys. Res., 111, doi:10.
  4 KB (684 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Sea ice ecosystems in the instrumental period
  ...only factor because the krill decline began before the retreat of the sea ice. [[Category:Antarctic biology]]
  2 KB (306 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Sea ice observations
  ...1972">Mackintosh, N.A. 1972. Life cycle of Antarctic krill in relation to ice and water conditions, ''Discovery Reports'', '''36''', 1-94.</ref>). ...n many quarters and cannot be regarded as proof of a major decrease in sea ice extent between the 1940s and 1970s.
  18 KB (2,972 words) - 17:53, 22 August 2014
• Sea ice over the last million years
  ...rosta, X., Sturm, A., Armand, L. and Pichon, J.J. 2004. Late Qaternary sea ice history in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean as record by diatom asse ==Sea ice extent==
  13 KB (2,050 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Sea level observations
  ==Monitoring sea level== ...mentally hostile areas to the same standard as is possible elsewhere. Most sea level measurements during the 19^th and 20^th centuries
  11 KB (1,784 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Small-scale processes in the Southern Ocean
  ...orison, J.H. and Nilsen, F. 2008. Revisiting heat and salt exchange at the ice-ocean interface: Ocean flux and modelling considerations, ''Journal of Geop ...Wolff, J.-O. 2004. The dynamical balance, transport and circulation of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, ''Antarct. Sci.'', '''16''', 439-470.</ref>) for two r
  18 KB (2,816 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Temperature changes in the instrumental period
  :''This page is part of the topic [[Antarctic climate and environment change in the instrumental period]]'' ...a, including the ''in-situ'' observations, satellite infra-red imagery and ice core isotope measurements. In order to get a reasonable estimate of trends
  30 KB (4,676 words) - 18:04, 22 August 2014
• Temperature changes over the 21st century
  ...irdle et al, 2008">Bracegirdle, T.J., Connolley, W.M. and Turner, J. 2008. Antarctic climate change over the Twenty First Century, Journal of Geophysical Resear ...irdle et al, 2008">Bracegirdle, T.J., Connolley, W.M. and Turner, J. 2008. Antarctic climate change over the Twenty First Century, Journal of Geophysical Resear
  8 KB (1,217 words) - 15:34, 6 August 2014
• Terrestrial biological responses to climate change
  ...). Exceptions to this generalization are provided first by the continental Antarctic &lsquo;Dry Valleys&rsquo; of Victoria Land, providing several thousand squa ...ity as the LGM approached, leaving only continental taxa, and that the sub-Antarctic taxa have not yet returned to the lakes post LGM.
  21 KB (3,069 words) - 18:14, 22 August 2014
• The Amundsen and Bellingshausen seas in the instrumental period
  ...-5.</ref>). A comprehensive field study on Antarctic krill in the Amundsen Sea has yet to be conducted. ..., Jacobs, S.S., Larter, R.D. and Gohl, K. 2007. Bathymetry of the Amundsen Sea continental shelf: Implications for geology, oceanography, and glaciology,
  11 KB (1,650 words) - 15:34, 6 August 2014
• The Antarctic cryosphere
  :''This page is part of the topic [[The Antarctic environment in the global system]]'' ...meridional extent and fronts of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, ''Deep-Sea Res.'', '''42''', 641-673.</ref>) and bathymetry from the General Bathymetr
  15 KB (2,479 words) - 15:34, 6 August 2014
• The Antarctic marine ecosystem in the year 2100
  ...arnes and Peck, 2008">Barnes, D.K.A. and Peck, L.S. 2008. Vulnerability of Antarctic shelf biodiversity to predicted climate change, ''Climate Research'', '''37 ...und the Antarctic Peninsula and at the sea ice margin as well as along the Antarctic Convergence (Polar Front) are the main foci of ecological climate research.
  20 KB (3,055 words) - 15:34, 6 August 2014
• The Antarctic Peninsula cryosphere in the instrumental period
  :''This page is part of the topic [[The ice sheet in the instrumental period]]'' ...tic Peninsula and their implications for ice-sheet mass balance, Arctic, ''Antarctic and Alpine Research'', '''38''', 147-152.</ref>).
  40 KB (6,031 words) - 18:17, 22 August 2014
• The Australian sector in the instrumental period
  ...oul (2007<ref name="Rintoul, 2007">Rintoul, S.R. 2007. Rapid freshening of Antarctic Bottom Water formed in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, ''Geophys. Res. Lett. ...rtney, M.S. and Donohue, K.A. 2007. A deep cyclonic gyre in the Australian-Antarctic Basin, ''Progress in Oceanography'', '''75''', 675-750.</ref>).
  14 KB (2,205 words) - 15:34, 6 August 2014
• The climate of the Antarctic and its variability
  :''This page is part of the topic [[The Antarctic environment in the global system]]'' ...osing large patches of bare (dark) ground, or where sea ice melts exposing ice free (dark) ocean, solar radiation will be absorbed rather than reflected,
  12 KB (1,933 words) - 16:38, 22 August 2014
• The East Antarctic cryosphere in the instrumental period
  :''This page is part of the topic [[The ice sheet in the instrumental period]]'' ...06a">Monaghan, A.J., Bromwich, D.H. and Wang, S-H. 2006a. Recent trends in Antarctic snow accumulation from Polar MM5, ''Philosophical Trans. Royal. Soc. A'', '
  5 KB (726 words) - 15:34, 6 August 2014
• The Greenhouse world - from the breakup of Gondwana to 34 million years ago
  ...ne in a Changing World. Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC, 19-27.</ref>) ...ertiary times has been found on Seymour Island and Alexander Island in the Antarctic Peninsula. This demonstrates that, despite its polar position, Antarctica h
  20 KB (3,076 words) - 15:34, 6 August 2014
• The Holocene
  :''This page is part of the topic [[Antarctic climate and environment history in the pre-instrumental period]]'' ...es on regional to hemispheric timescales. Second we examine changes in sea ice extent through the Holocene and how these have interacted with changing cli
  1 KB (199 words) - 15:34, 6 August 2014
• The Icehouse world - the last 34 million years
  ...G.H., Lyons, W.B., Maasch, K.A., Aoki, S., and Xiao, C. 2009. State of the Antarctic and Southern Ocean Climate System (SASOCS), ''Reviews of Geophysics'', '''4 ...G.H., Lyons, W.B., Maasch, K.A., Aoki, S., and Xiao, C. 2009. State of the Antarctic and Southern Ocean Climate System (SASOCS), ''Reviews of Geophysics'', '''4
  27 KB (4,257 words) - 15:34, 6 August 2014
• The ice sheet in the instrumental period
  :''This page is part of the topic [[Antarctic climate and environment change in the instrumental period]]'' ...he spatial pattern of ice accumulation (snowfall and frost deposition) and ice ablation (melting, wind erosion and calving).
  20 KB (3,052 words) - 16:00, 6 August 2014
• The impact of global climate change in polar marine environments
  ...ed, but legal and illegal fishing continues, especially for Patagonian and Antarctic Toothfish as well as for krill. ...e much more evident in the Arctic than in the Antarctic except west of the Antarctic Peninsula.
  14 KB (2,188 words) - 15:34, 6 August 2014
• The IPCC fourth assessment report
  :''This page is part of the topic [[Antarctic climate and environment change over the next 100 years]]'' ...ccess of efforts to reduce the rate of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The Antarctic is a long way from the main centres of population, but greenhouse gases are
  33 KB (5,155 words) - 15:34, 6 August 2014
• The last million years
  :''This page is part of the topic [[Antarctic climate and environment history in the pre-instrumental period]]'' ...f ice on global sea level. Finally we review the influence of changing sea ice distributions on climate.
  1 KB (164 words) - 15:34, 6 August 2014
• The open ocean system in the instrumental period
  ....J., Tarling, G.A. and Fleming, A.H. 2008. Oceanic circumpolar habitats of Antarctic krill, ''Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser'', '''362''', 1-23.</ref>, &copy; Atkinson et ...and its wider linkages: insights revealed from models and observations, ''Antarctic Science'', '''16''', 387-400.</ref>).
  28 KB (4,437 words) - 15:34, 6 August 2014
• The physical setting of Antarctica
  :''This page is part of the topic [[The Antarctic environment in the global system]]'' ...meridional extent and fronts of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, ''Deep-Sea Res.'', '''42''', 641-673.</ref>) and bathymetry from the General Bathymetr
  8 KB (1,295 words) - 16:38, 6 August 2014
• The role of the Antarctic in the global climate system
  :''This page is part of the topic [[The Antarctic environment in the global system]]'' ...s of the heat exchange engine and the interactions of ice shelves and land ice with the ocean and atmosphere make predictions about climate change a chall
  31 KB (4,808 words) - 16:51, 22 August 2014
• The Southern Ocean carbon cycle response to future climate change
  :''This page is part of the topic [[Antarctic climate and environment change over the next 100 years]]'' ...e PCO₂ and net CO₂ flux over the global oceans, Deep Sea Research, doi:10.1016/dsr2.2008.12.009.</ref>). Clearly then the way in whi
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• The Southern Ocean carbon cycle response to historical climate change
  :''This page is part of the topic [[Antarctic climate and environment change in the instrumental period]]'' ..."Rintoul et al, 2001">Rintoul, S.R., Hughes, C.W. and Olbers, D. 2001. The Antarctic Circumpolar Current system. In: Eds. G. Siedler, J. Church and J. Gould, Oc
  36 KB (5,780 words) - 16:53, 6 August 2014
• The Southern Ocean in the instrumental period
  :''This page is part of the topic [[Antarctic climate and environment change in the instrumental period]]'' ...oss Seas giving rise to subpolar gyres (Figure 1.10), the distributions of ice shelves, the zonal structure of the forcing (storm tracks) and finally the
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• The transition to Holocene interglacial conditions
  ...i, B.S., Tison, J.L., Werner, M. and Wolff, E. 2007. Orbital and millenial Antarctic climate variability over the past 800,000 years, ''Science'', '''317''', 79 ...glaciation). Since the pioneer works of the 1960s, Greenland and Antarctic ice core records have been used to determine the magnitude of climatic and envi
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• The Weddell Sea sector in the instrumental period
  ...arctic continent, and transports colder, fresher waters northward (Weddell Sea Deep and Bottom Waters, WSDW and WSBW, as well as surface waters). The tran ...ses into the formation areas and the newly formed water masses leaving the Antarctic Systems into the world oceans. However, since these transport differences a
  15 KB (2,389 words) - 15:34, 6 August 2014
• The West Antarctic cryosphere in the instrumental period
  :''This page is part of the topic [[The ice sheet in the instrumental period]]'' ...ars ago and the concern driving much of the research of the West Antarctic ice sheet was whether such an eventuality was inevitable or even underway.
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• Understanding the seasonality of Antarctic benthic shelf communities
  ...n a metre thick, which is why most of the large predators abandon the high Antarctic at the start of the long austral winter. ...r as a consequence of reduced food availability, despite the fact that the sea water temperature remained practically constant all year round.
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