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  • :''This page is part of the topic [[Antarctic climate and environment change in the instrumental period]]'' ...1970s microwave instruments on polar orbiting satellites have enabled sea ice observations to be made year-round and even during periods of complete clou
    22 KB (3,536 words) - 12:25, 22 August 2014

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  • :''This page is part of the topic [[Antarctic climate and environment change over the next 100 years]]'' ...lly by melting of land-based sources of ice (glaciers and ice caps and the ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica). The amount of thermal expansion is non
    16 KB (2,491 words) - 12:16, 22 August 2014
  • ...orological conditions across the Southern Ocean, ocean conditions, the sea ice extent and the terrestrial and marine biology. ...this really began the period of organised scientific investigation in the Antarctic. Most of these stations were not operated for long periods, which is a hand
    3 KB (501 words) - 15:48, 6 August 2014
  • ...t for both scientists and policymakers concerned with issues as diverse as sea-level rise and fish stocks. A major problem is that we still have a poor un ...ojections for temperature and precipitation were used to estimate how much sea level would rise under various greenhouse gas emission scenarios. In the fo
    5 KB (788 words) - 15:49, 6 August 2014
  • ...and its effects on global sea level, and the changing distribution of sea ice and its effect on climate are then described. ...nt interglacial, the Holocene is described in detail from a combination of ice cores, marine sediments, lake sediments and terrestrial records with a focu
    17 KB (2,554 words) - 15:45, 6 August 2014
  • ...as changed from Deep Time until the present day. It also considers how the Antarctic environment may change over the next century in a world where greenhouse ga ...fic Committee on Antarctic Research ([http://www.scar.org/ SCAR]) known as Antarctic Climate Change and the Environment (ACCE), which is described in [[About AC
    4 KB (504 words) - 16:51, 21 August 2014
  • ...at the LGM from ice-dynamic reconstructions of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets during the glacial cycles, ''Quaternary Science Reviews'', '''21''', ...ce the eustatic contribution and so there is a continuous fall in relative sea level like that seen in areas such as Hudson Bay or Sweden today.
    21 KB (3,294 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
  • :''This page is part of the topic [[Antarctic climate and environment change in the instrumental period]]'' ...1970s microwave instruments on polar orbiting satellites have enabled sea ice observations to be made year-round and even during periods of complete clou
    22 KB (3,536 words) - 12:25, 22 August 2014
  • ==Antarctic stratospheric ozone over the next 100 years== ...averaged over some period, and it is the most accurate diagnostic of total Antarctic ozone loss.</li>
    27 KB (4,305 words) - 15:22, 6 August 2014
  • :''This page is part of the topic [[Antarctic climate and environment change in the instrumental period]]'' ==Antarctic stratospheric ozone in the instrumental period==
    43 KB (6,788 words) - 16:07, 22 August 2014
  • :''This page is part of the topic [[Antarctic climate and environment change in the instrumental period]]'' ...08. Here the SAM is in its positive phase with negative anomalies over the Antarctic and positive anomalies over the Southern Ocean.]]
    54 KB (8,177 words) - 12:38, 22 August 2014
  • ...ulation in the warming of the Antarctic Peninsula, the distribution of sea ice, and the seasonal to interannual variability of the Southern Hemisphere. ...y, analyses of sea level pressure have revealed secular decreases over the Antarctic, associated with increases in mid-latitude westerlies, a poleward displacem
    29 KB (4,462 words) - 16:11, 22 August 2014
  • :''This page is part of the topic [[The ice sheet in the instrumental period]]'' ...such as recent/anthropogenic climate change. The inescapable fact is that ice sheet behaviour manifests itself as the superposition of multiple responses
    13 KB (1,943 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
  • ...rt of the topic [[Models of the physical and biological environment of the Antarctic]]'' ...y production, and are either supported or reduced by the occurrence of sea ice (Beaman and Harris, 2005<ref name="Beaman and Harris, 2005">Beaman, R.J. an
    8 KB (1,225 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
  • ...sonality of high latitudes, phenology is a key aspect of the adaptation of Antarctic organisms and populations to change, and can be used to evaluate the match ...., Baroni, C., Lambert, D.M. 2005. Microevolution and mega-icebergs in the Antarctic, ''Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.'', '''102''', 16717-16722</ref>). This suggests t
    16 KB (2,488 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
  • :''This page is part of the topic [[Antarctic climate and environment change in the instrumental period]]'' ==General spatial and temporal characteristics of Antarctic snowfall==
    20 KB (3,125 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
  • ...e it will be essential to use proxy records to represent how Antarctic sea ice has changed in the past. ...ichon, J.J. and Burckle, L.H. 1998b. Reappraisal of Antarctic seasonal sea-ice at the Last Glacial Maximum, ''Geophysical Research Letters'', '''25''', 27
    24 KB (3,785 words) - 16:17, 22 August 2014
  • :''This page is part of the topic [[Antarctic climate and environment change over the next 100 years]]'' ...xy data and analogues exist. The broad range of time scale response of the ice sheet guarantees that future behaviour will be composed of a superposition
    26 KB (4,124 words) - 13:04, 22 August 2014
  • :''This page is part of the topic [[Antarctic climate and environment history in the pre-instrumental period]]'' ...ter resolution both temporally (for instance, in the phasing of changes in Antarctic climate, environmental parameters and atmospheric composition) and spatiall
    7 KB (1,082 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
  • :''This page is part of the topic [[The ice sheet in the instrumental period]]'' ...e been considered unlikely even a decade ago. The geographic extent of the ice sheet places different parts in markedly different positions within the glo
    3 KB (475 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
  • ...rt of the topic [[Models of the physical and biological environment of the Antarctic]]'' ...r strengths and weaknesses, before presenting some results relevant to the Antarctic from the models used in the IPCC AR4.
    13 KB (2,051 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
  • ...nsula Climate Variability: Historical and Paleoenvironmental Perspectives, Antarctic Research Series, 79. American Geophysical Union.</ref>). ...bsequently, numerous studies have addressed the questions of how large the ice sheets were during the LGM, and when they began their retreat.
    22 KB (3,430 words) - 12:03, 22 August 2014
  • ...the Global Climate System from 2005 to 2008. He is the co-author of &lsquo;Antarctic Meteorology and Climatology&rsquo; and &lsquo;Polar Lows: Mesoscale Weather ...n quoted commenting on glaciological impacts of the climate on the world's ice sheets and glaciers.
    7 KB (1,089 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
  • ...summer mean krill density correleated positively with the duration of sea ice the previous winter (Atkinson et al., 2004<ref name="Atkinson et al, 2004"> ...res probably reflect a distribution and dispersal effect across the Scotia Sea and the degree of influence of cooler polar waters in northern regions arou
    15 KB (2,381 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
  • ...ignificant problem for researchers in many areas of Antarctic science. The Antarctic continent is large and there are logistical difficulties in getting to many ...launch in coming years, many of which will directly benefit studies of the Antarctic. While not exhaustive because of changing plans, some of these are briefly
    7 KB (1,040 words) - 15:16, 22 August 2014
  • ...ng|thumb|'''3.9''' Main climatic events of the last 1 Million years in the Antarctic context]] ...sy, J.C., McManus, J.F., Lambeck, K., Balbon, E. and Labracherie, M. 2002. Sea level and deep water temperature changes derived from bentic foraminifera i
    35 KB (5,415 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
  • ...the lakes, likely related to increased nutrient inputs and a reduction in ice and snow cover at c. 10.2 ka BP, marking the start of relatively warm condi ...Evolution and Processes. Proceedings of the VII International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences, Siena, 1995. Terra Antarctica, Sienna, 809-820.</ref>).
    38 KB (5,787 words) - 16:39, 22 August 2014
  • ...nsula.png|thumb|'''3.26''' Selected Holocene environmental changes &ndash; Antarctic Peninsula]] ...story of the Antarctic Peninsula since the Last Glacial Maximum, Arctic, ''Antarctic and Alpine Research'', '''35''', 175-186.</ref>).
    32 KB (5,127 words) - 16:41, 22 August 2014
  • ....png|thumb|'''3.28''' Selected Holocene environmental changes &ndash; Ross Sea]] ...e Wright, a high-level Antarctic lake during the LGM and early Holocene, ''Antarctic Science'', '''13''', 53-60.</ref>). The large amount of water in these lake
    17 KB (2,705 words) - 16:43, 22 August 2014
  • ...een sufficient variability during the last ~9 ka to cause major changes to Antarctic ecosystems. This natural variability must be taken into account in understa ...n, E.D. 1999. Past and future grounding-line retreat of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. Science 286:280-283.</ref>). Figure modified from Mayewski et al. (2
    39 KB (5,945 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
  • ...rt of the topic [[Models of the physical and biological environment of the Antarctic]]'' ...lication of a continuum-mechanical model for the flow of anisotropic polar ice to the EDML core, Antarctica.
    33 KB (5,053 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
  • ...ns in the Ocean-Ocean Processes and Marine Population Dynamics. California Sea Grant College System, La Jolla.</ref>; Finney et al., 2002<ref name="Finney ...thermal specialization paradigm: compensation for elevated temperatures in Antarctic fish, ''Biol. Lett.'', '''2''', 151-154.</ref>).
    25 KB (3,817 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
  • ...per, 2007">Smith, W. and Asper, V.A. 2007. New Ways to Collect Data in the Antarctic, EOS, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 88, no. 48, 525.</ref>). ...er to examine its properties or by catching and examining animals from the sea has been carried out to some extent since humans first took to the oceans.
    17 KB (2,672 words) - 14:50, 6 August 2014
  • ...ill increase by several degrees and there will be about one third less sea ice.</li> ...h&rsquo;s biogeochemical cycles. During these times there was little or no ice on land.</li>
    48 KB (7,673 words) - 17:27, 22 August 2014
  • ...CE Consortium. 2009. Review: Antarctic climate change and the environment, Antarctic Science, 1-23.</ref>). ...ch results emerged. Short information papers describing recent advances in Antarctic climate change and its possible impacts on biota were presented to the ATCM
    142 KB (22,142 words) - 15:25, 6 August 2014
  • :''This page is part of the topic [[Antarctic climate and environment change in the instrumental period]]'' ...26.</ref>). However, it should be noted that the Antarctic contribution to sea level now is small compared to what it was following the LGM Transition and
    8 KB (1,342 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
  • ...bal processes (Bargagli, 2005<ref name="Bargagli, 2005">Bargagli, R. 2005. Antarctic Ecosystems: Environmental Contamination, Climate Change, and Human Impact. ...ance of the &ldquo;ozone hole&rdquo; and the rapid regional warming of the Antarctic Peninsula indicate that Antarctica and the Southern Ocean are inextricably
    38 KB (5,770 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
  • ...: Lower Tertiary La Meseta Formation, Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctic Research Series, 55, 152 pp.</ref>). Thereafter shallow-marine benthic moll .../ref>). Although there is clear geophysical evidence for extensions of the ice-sheet having reduced considerably the area of continental shelf at least on
    54 KB (8,173 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
  • :''This page is part of the topic [[Antarctic climate and environment change in the instrumental period]]'' #[[Sea ice ecosystems in the instrumental period]]
    657 B (84 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
  • ...Convey, P., Allen, C.S. and Clarke, A.C. 2006. Incursion and excursion of Antarctic biota: past, present and future, ''Global Ecol Biogeogr'', '''15''', 121-14 ...volutionary divergence between geographically separated populations of the Antarctic octopus ''Pareledone turqueti''. Marine Biology, 129 (1), 97-102.</ref>) co
    9 KB (1,386 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
  • :''This page is part of the topic [[Biota of the Antarctic]]'' ...ted habitats because of their unusual faunas, which make the waters of the Antarctic shelf comparable to classic evolutionary sites such as the Galapagos.
    43 KB (6,450 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
  • ...al., in press). How these processes, and habitat changes (i.e. loss of sea ice) will impact microbial diversity and community structure is unknown. Studie [[Category:Antarctic biology]]
    2 KB (305 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
  • ...nificant impetus towards setting up continuously operating stations in the Antarctic, and over forty were established, of which over a dozen are still operating ...s are much milder than the interior due to the moderating influence of the sea and, at the more local scale, the surrounding rock. Automatic stations are
    59 KB (9,046 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
  • ...arm Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) masses close to the edge of the Antarctic Ice Sheet. ...s, N.C., Ivchenko, V.O. and De Cuevas, B.A. 2005. Dynamical budgets of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current using ocean general-circulation models, ''Quart. J. Roy
    8 KB (1,343 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
  • ...es. In this section we examine some of the major classes of models used in Antarctic studies. #[[Ice sheet models]]
    2 KB (322 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
  • ...x, A., Vaughan, D. and Ferrigno, J. 2005, Retreating glacier fronts on the Antarctic Peninsula over the past half-century, ''Science'', '''308''', 541-544.</ref ...over the next 100 years, possibly increasing to 1.5&ordm;C in the Amundsen Sea, while winter SSTs remain within 0.5&ordm;C of where they are now, except l
    54 KB (8,443 words) - 16:49, 22 August 2014
  • ...hysical and biological data, including the data that can be extracted from ice cores, along with the information that can be obtained from satellite syste ...ir applications were in the more physical areas of climate, ice sheet, sea ice and ocean modelling. However, they are now starting to be employed in biolo
    2 KB (307 words) - 15:44, 6 August 2014
  • :''This page is part of the topic [[The Antarctic environment in the global system]]'' ...osphere (known as &lsquo;geospace&rsquo;), coastal sea ice conditions, and sea level. These observations have produced instrumental records that are in ma
    5 KB (752 words) - 14:09, 22 August 2014
  • ...temperature (GST) and the thermal properties of the ground, especially its ice/water content. Not all sites are sensitive to climate change, because heat ...ons between climate, vegetation and active layer in Maritime Antarctica, ''Antarctic Science'', '''18'''(3), 323-333.</ref>; Guglielmin et al., 2007<ref name="G
    23 KB (3,347 words) - 18:33, 22 August 2014
  • ...inst sampling effort, from SOMBASE.png|thumb|'''2.29''' Large-scale circum-Antarctic depiction and analysis of semi-standardized biodiversity-datasets is possib Historical expeditions in Antarctic offshore waters dating back to the second half of the 19<sup>th</sup> centu
    23 KB (3,516 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
  • ...ovides detailed information about the processes that operate to change the Antarctic environment. The combination of fieldwork, aircraft, and satellite measurem ...[[:File:Figure 1.3 - Antarctic surface elevation.png|Figure 1.3]] on [[The Antarctic cryosphere]]).
    52 KB (8,045 words) - 14:43, 22 August 2014

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