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• Temperature changes in the instrumental period
  ...Budd, 1998">Jacka, T.H. and Budd, W.F. 1998. Detection of temperature and sea-ice-extent changes in the Antarctic and Southern Ocean, 1949-96, ''Annals o ...dsky Station has experienced the largest statistically significant (<5% level) trend of +0.53 o C/dec for the period 1951-2006. Rothera station, some 300
  30 KB (4,676 words) - 18:04, 22 August 2014
• Terrestrial biological responses to climate change
  ...size at low altitude and close to the coast, surrounded by either hostile sea or ice (Bergstrom and Chown, 1999<ref name="Bergstrom and Chown, 1999">Berg ...', 179-197.</ref>) for a variety of different species, and is based on the level of cosmopolitanism (dispersal model) or endemism (vicariance model) (Gibson
  21 KB (3,069 words) - 18:14, 22 August 2014
• The Amundsen and Bellingshausen seas in the instrumental period
  ...-5.</ref>). A comprehensive field study on Antarctic krill in the Amundsen Sea has yet to be conducted. ..., Jacobs, S.S., Larter, R.D. and Gohl, K. 2007. Bathymetry of the Amundsen Sea continental shelf: Implications for geology, oceanography, and glaciology,
  11 KB (1,650 words) - 15:34, 6 August 2014
• The Antarctic cryosphere
  ...meridional extent and fronts of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, ''Deep-Sea Res.'', '''42''', 641-673.</ref>) and bathymetry from the General Bathymetr ..., which lies along the 165&ordm;E meridian on the western side of the Ross Sea) ([[:File:Figure 1.1a - Map of Antarctica.png|Figure 1.1a]], [[:File:Figure
  15 KB (2,479 words) - 15:34, 6 August 2014
• The Antarctic marine ecosystem in the year 2100
  ...ges, inshore and offshore waters around the Antarctic Peninsula and at the sea ice margin as well as along the Antarctic Convergence (Polar Front) are the ...biodiversity, though not in so dramatic a manner as in the western Weddell Sea. Between now and 2100 elevated air and water temperature will not have rise
  20 KB (3,055 words) - 15:34, 6 August 2014
• The Antarctic Peninsula cryosphere in the instrumental period
  ...ent increases in snowfall on the peninsula suggested a contribution to sea level of approximately -0.003 mm/yr (Morris and Mulvaney, 2004<ref name="Morris a .... Implications of the break-up of the Wordie Ice Shelf, Antarctica for sea level rise, ''Antarctic Science'', '''5'''(4), 403-408.</ref>) culminated in cata
  40 KB (6,031 words) - 18:17, 22 August 2014
• The Australian sector in the instrumental period
  ...rctic Basin is supplied by two sources of Antarctic Bottom Water: the Ross Sea and Ad&eacute;lie Land. Lower) Changes in the deep potential temperature &n ...e jets, aligned with streamlines that can be traced using maps of absolute sea surface height (Sokolov and Rintoul, 2002<ref name="Sokolov and Rintoul, 20
  14 KB (2,205 words) - 15:34, 6 August 2014
• The climate of the Antarctic and its variability
  .... Where snow melts, exposing large patches of bare (dark) ground, or where sea ice melts exposing ice free (dark) ocean, solar radiation will be absorbed ...s C on the 50 hPa pressure surface (roughly 20 km elevation above mean sea level). Generated from the NCEP reanalysis using their online, interactive chart
  12 KB (1,933 words) - 16:38, 22 August 2014
• The East Antarctic cryosphere in the instrumental period
  ...5. Snowfall-driven growth in East Antarctic Ice Sheet mitigates recent sea-level rise, ''Science'', '''308''', 1898-1901.</ref>), but ice core data do not s ...ated to changing adjacent ocean conditions, as in the case of the Amundsen Sea outlets, or whether they are just longer-term responses of a regional dynam
  5 KB (726 words) - 15:34, 6 August 2014
• The Greenhouse world - from the breakup of Gondwana to 34 million years ago
  ...Jurassic Period of the Mesozoic Era. The Gondwanan fragments separated by sea-floor spreading largely between around 100 to 65 Ma, during the Cretaceous ...n, B. and Escutia, C. 2007. Onset of Cenozoic Antarctic Glaciation, ''Deep Sea. Research'', '''54''', 2293-2307.</ref>). Recently, using neodymium isotope
  20 KB (3,076 words) - 15:34, 6 August 2014
• The Icehouse world - the last 34 million years
  ...., Bralower, T.J. and Premoli-Silva, I. 2003. A Transient Rise in Tropical Sea Surface Temperature During the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, ''Science' ...S.F. 2008. A View of Antarctic Ice-Sheet Evolution from Sea-Level and Deep-Sea Isotope Changes During the Late Cretaceous-Cenozoic. In: Cooper AK, Barrett
  27 KB (4,257 words) - 15:34, 6 August 2014
• The ice sheet in the instrumental period
  ...tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, another within the rarely visited Amundsen Sea sector of West Antarctica. ...nding of the complexity of the issues, its importance to understanding sea level rise has meant that measurement of the ice sheet&rsquo;s mass balance has b
  20 KB (3,052 words) - 16:00, 6 August 2014
• The impact of global climate change in polar marine environments
  ...ts on the physiology of stenothermal organisms as well as on the extent of sea ice, hence on the life history and biology of many species (but see Barnes ...rly vulnerable, even though warming is more evident in the air than in the sea as is evident from IPCC reports. The polar regions are undergoing more rapi
  14 KB (2,188 words) - 15:34, 6 August 2014
• The IPCC fourth assessment report
  ...here and geosphere in the Earth System. Given the likely effects on global sea levels of melting ice at the poles, considerable attention is now being pai ...model is made up of sub-models that simulate either the atmosphere, ocean, sea ice, or land surface. These sub-models are coupled together to allow intera
  33 KB (5,155 words) - 15:34, 6 August 2014
• The last million years
  ...ss of ice on global sea level. Finally we review the influence of changing sea ice distributions on climate. #[[Antarctic deglaciation and its impact on global sea level]]
  1 KB (164 words) - 15:34, 6 August 2014
• The open ocean system in the instrumental period
  ...nson, 2004<ref name="Parkinson, 2004">Parkinson, C.L. 2004. Southern Ocean sea ice and its wider linkages: insights revealed from models and observations, ...in an area of at most 2 million km² (10 % of the entire winter sea ice cover), which translates to a density of one blue whale per 6 km<sup>2<
  28 KB (4,437 words) - 15:34, 6 August 2014
• The physical setting of Antarctica
  ...meridional extent and fronts of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, ''Deep-Sea Res.'', '''42''', 641-673.</ref>) and bathymetry from the General Bathymetr ...ore continuations of the continental ice sheet) and the areas of fast ice (sea-ice that has become frozen to ice shelves or to the land and does not drift
  8 KB (1,295 words) - 16:38, 6 August 2014
• The Southern Ocean in the instrumental period
  ...er with neutral density &gt; 28.4 kg/m³ is found in the Weddell Sea (Orsi et al., 1999<ref name="Orsi et al, 1999">Orsi, A.H., Johnson, G.C. an ...004. Decadal-scale variations of water mass properties in the deep Weddell Sea, ''Ocean Dynamics'', '''54''', 77-91.</ref>). To take into account the circ
  16 KB (2,443 words) - 15:34, 6 August 2014
• The transition to Holocene interglacial conditions
  ...bach, D., Barbante, C., Gabrielli, P. and Gaspari, V. 2006. Southern Ocean sea-ice extent, productivity and iron flux over the past eight glacial cycles, ...erature is an integrated quantity that may correspond to either changes in sea surface temperature in the dominant evaporation areas or to geographical ch
  32 KB (4,956 words) - 15:34, 6 August 2014
• The West Antarctic cryosphere in the instrumental period
  ...<ref name="Mercer, 1968">Mercer, J.H. 1968. Antarctic ice and Sangamon sea level, IASH publ. 79, 217-225.</ref>) suggested that full collapse of the West An ...largest changes were observed by satellite to be occurring in the Amundsen Sea sector. Each area is discussed in the following sections, beginning with th
  17 KB (2,692 words) - 15:34, 6 August 2014