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• Coupled atmosphere-ocean models
  :''This page is part of the topic [[Models of the physical and biological environment of the Antarctic]]'' ...past and present-day climates. Simulation of present day climates by these models provides a way of rigorously testing their ability to reproduce reality. Su
  13 KB (2,051 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Ice sheet models
  :''This page is part of the topic [[Models of the physical and biological environment of the Antarctic]]'' ...tion of subglacial sediments. A recent overview of the status of Antarctic models is provided by Huybrechts (2004<ref name="Huybrechts, 2004">Huybrechts, P.
  33 KB (5,053 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Models of the physical and biological environment of the Antarctic
  ...iological studies. In this section we examine some of the major classes of models used in Antarctic studies. #[[Coupled atmosphere-ocean models]]
  2 KB (322 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Ocean models of the Southern Ocean
  :''This page is part of the topic [[Models of the physical and biological environment of the Antarctic]]'' ...omise between cost and physical realism. This is especially true for ocean models because the computational cost is always high, and can be hundreds of times
  37 KB (5,859 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Regional climate models
  :''This page is part of the topic [[Models of the physical and biological environment of the Antarctic]]'' ...e large amount of computer time needed by the complex atmosphere and ocean models, but also due to a lack of observations and knowledge of the cryospheric co
  5 KB (833 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014

Page text matches

• Antarctic and Southern Ocean sea level projections
  ...or all greenhouse gas scenarios, the light shading is the envelope for all models and all scenarios and the outer lines include an allowance for an additiona ...on from Greenland and Antarctica. However, as mentioned earlier, ice sheet models are incomplete and do not allow for a rapid dynamic response of the ice she
  16 KB (2,491 words) - 13:16, 22 August 2014
• Antarctic climate and environment change over the next 100 years
  ...ace air temperature it is possible to use the projections from the various models to derive various estimates of how temperature may change over land and oce The atmospheric component of the next generation of climate models must have interactive chemistry if we are to obtain meaningful projections
  5 KB (788 words) - 16:49, 6 August 2014
• Antarctic climate and environment history in the pre-instrumental period
  .... The ice core data are also crucial in benchmarking climate and ice sheet models against observations. The longest ice core records date back over 800 ka (J
  17 KB (2,554 words) - 16:45, 6 August 2014
• Antarctic Climate Change and the Environment
  ##[[Models of the physical and biological environment of the Antarctic]]
  4 KB (504 words) - 17:51, 21 August 2014
• Antarctic deglaciation and its impact on global sea level
  ...et during and after the LGM and its contribution to global sea level. Most models predict the Antarctic Ice Sheet to have contributed c. 20 m to global sea l .../ref>), but the limited distribution of Antarctic RSL sites means that the models are still not as well constrained as for other continents.
  21 KB (3,294 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Atmospheric chemistry changes over the 21st century
  ...be used for predictions of the future. Instead, coupled Chemistry-Climate Models are used. Those whose results are described below vary in their skill in re '''Table 5.1''' Models whose results appear in Figures 5.11, 5.12 and 5.13; * bromine chemistry no
  27 KB (4,305 words) - 16:22, 6 August 2014
• Atmospheric circulation changes in the instrumental period
  The availability of gridded data from numerical weather prediction (NWP) models and reanalyses allows entirely automated methods to be used that can provid
  54 KB (8,177 words) - 13:38, 22 August 2014
• Atmospheric circulation changes over the 21st century
  ...ulti-model study, ''Ocean Sci.'', '''1''', 81-95.</ref>), although in some models a peak at around 7 years is observed (Marshall et al., 2007<ref name="Marsh ...Twentieth century simulation of the Southern Hemisphere climate in coupled models. Part 1: Large scale circulation variability, ''Clim. Dyn.'', '''26''', 217
  29 KB (4,462 words) - 17:11, 22 August 2014
• Attribution of ice sheet changes in the instrumental period
  ...40-year trends similar to those observed are reproduced in global climate models forced by a combination of ozone depletion, and increasing greenhouse gas c ...and of the consequences for inland ice sheet flow are needed to test such models. To attribute the glaciological changes in the Amundsen Sea sector to a par
  13 KB (1,943 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Biological modelling and bioregionalization
  :''This page is part of the topic [[Models of the physical and biological environment of the Antarctic]]'' ...rona antarctica (Myctophidae, Pisces) in Kerguelen by generalized additive models and geographic information systems, ''Polar Biol.'', '''30''', 951-959.</re
  8 KB (1,225 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Changes in Antarctic snowfall over the past 50 years
  ...ntarctic surface mass balance and systematic biases in general circulation models, ''J. Geophys. Res.'', '''106''', 20653-20664.</ref>), van Lipzig et al. (2 ...meterizations of polar cloud microphysics and precipitation in atmospheric models (Guo et al., 2003<ref name="Guo et al, 2003">Guo, Z., Bromwich, D.H. and Ca
  20 KB (3,125 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Changes in sea ice extent through the Holocene
  ...is debated. In order to improve the incorporation of sea ice into computer models of future climate change it will be essential to use proxy records to repre
  24 KB (3,785 words) - 17:17, 22 August 2014
• Changes to the Terrestrial cryosphere over the next 100 years
  ...radically revise their view of ice sheet sensitivity to climate. Existing models, based primarily on earlier views of the essential governing dynamics of ic ...et, Science, 320, No. 5877, 781-783.</ref>). It must be borne in mind that models disagree over many other details of atmospheric climate change in Antarctic
  26 KB (4,124 words) - 14:04, 22 August 2014
• Concluding remarks on the pre-instrumental period
  ...at have survived through glacial cycles also challenges existing ice sheet models where most of the available habitats are covered at the LGM.
  7 KB (1,082 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Coupled atmosphere-ocean models
  :''This page is part of the topic [[Models of the physical and biological environment of the Antarctic]]'' ...past and present-day climates. Simulation of present day climates by these models provides a way of rigorously testing their ability to reproduce reality. Su
  13 KB (2,051 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Deglaciation of the continental shelf, coastal margin and continental interior
  ...elf. While the Antarctic Peninsula Ice Sheet (APIS) has, according to some models, been a relatively minor (1-2 m) contributor to post-LGM sea level rise, it
  22 KB (3,430 words) - 13:03, 22 August 2014
• ENSO links and teleconnections to vertebrate life histories and population
  ...004. Southern Ocean sea ice and its wider linkages: insights revealed from models and observations, ''Antarctic Science'', '''16''', 387-400.</ref>). Food we
  15 KB (2,381 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Future developments in Antarctic observation
  ...ched in 2009. Ocean salinity observations will be important to studies and models of the circulation of the Southern Ocean and the role of sea ice. These obs ...hese data are essential for understanding ocean processes and as inputs to models for forecasting future change.
  7 KB (1,040 words) - 16:16, 22 August 2014
• Glacial interglacial cycles
  ...sea ice cover, sea level rise and rising terrestrial carbon storage. Other models have identified the importance of on and off states of the southern overtur
  35 KB (5,415 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Holocene climate change in the Ross Sea region (RS)
  ...in percent derived with Modern Analog Techniques and Generalized Additive Models. Signature legend: (1) concomitant occurrence of cold-water indicator diato
  17 KB (2,705 words) - 17:43, 22 August 2014