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• Antarctic and Southern Ocean sea level projections
  The two major reasons for sea-level rise are expansion of ocean waters as they warm (and an associated decrease ...e for the Twenty First Century. The projected range of global averaged sea-level rise from the IPCC 2001 Assessment Report for the period 1990 to 2100 is sh
  16 KB (2,491 words) - 13:16, 22 August 2014
• Antarctic deglaciation and its impact on global sea level
  ...LGM (Huybrechts, 2002<ref name="Huybrechts, 2002">Huybrechts, P. 2002. Sea-level changes at the LGM from ice-dynamic reconstructions of the Greenland and An ...he eustatic contribution and so there is a continuous fall in relative sea level like that seen in areas such as Hudson Bay or Sweden today.
  21 KB (3,294 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Long term sea level change in the instrumental period
  .../ref>). However, it should be noted that the Antarctic contribution to sea level now is small compared to what it was following the LGM Transition and throu ...L. and Unnikrishnan, A. 2007. Observations: oceanic climate change and sea level. In Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Workin
  8 KB (1,342 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Sea level observations
  ==Monitoring sea level== ...ally hostile areas to the same standard as is possible elsewhere. Most sea level measurements during the 19^th and 20^th centuries were
  11 KB (1,784 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014

Page text matches

• Antarctic and Southern Ocean sea level projections
  The two major reasons for sea-level rise are expansion of ocean waters as they warm (and an associated decrease ...e for the Twenty First Century. The projected range of global averaged sea-level rise from the IPCC 2001 Assessment Report for the period 1990 to 2100 is sh
  16 KB (2,491 words) - 13:16, 22 August 2014
• Antarctic climate and environment change in the instrumental period
  ...meteorological conditions across the Southern Ocean, ocean conditions, the sea ice extent and the terrestrial and marine biology. ...rface of the ocean, but not the layers below. Even here quantities such as sea ice extent have only been monitored since the late 1970s, when microwave te
  3 KB (501 words) - 16:48, 6 August 2014
• Antarctic climate and environment change over the next 100 years
  ...r both scientists and policymakers concerned with issues as diverse as sea-level rise and fish stocks. A major problem is that we still have a poor understa ...tions for temperature and precipitation were used to estimate how much sea level would rise under various greenhouse gas emission scenarios. In the followin
  5 KB (788 words) - 16:49, 6 August 2014
• Antarctic climate and environment history in the pre-instrumental period
  ...heet and its effects on global sea level, and the changing distribution of sea ice and its effect on climate are then described. ...n results from the interactions within the ice sheet &ndash; ocean &ndash; sea ice &ndash; atmosphere system. Knowledge of how this system responds to pas
  17 KB (2,554 words) - 16:45, 6 August 2014
• Antarctic Climate Change and the Environment
  ##[[Sea ice observations]] ##[[Sea level observations]]
  4 KB (504 words) - 17:51, 21 August 2014
• Antarctic deglaciation and its impact on global sea level
  ...LGM (Huybrechts, 2002<ref name="Huybrechts, 2002">Huybrechts, P. 2002. Sea-level changes at the LGM from ice-dynamic reconstructions of the Greenland and An ...he eustatic contribution and so there is a continuous fall in relative sea level like that seen in areas such as Hudson Bay or Sweden today.
  21 KB (3,294 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Atmospheric chemistry in the instrumental period
  ...f the tropopause varies with latitude and is roughly at 8 km above hand or sea in the polar regions. The troposphere itself is nominally subdivided into l ...lt measured in ice cores might provide a proxy for assessing the extent of sea ice and how this varied under different climatic conditions. The records of
  43 KB (6,788 words) - 17:07, 22 August 2014
• Atmospheric circulation changes in the instrumental period
  ...he 500 hPa surface is approximately at an elevation of 5 km above mean sea level) for 1989-2008. Here the SAM is in its positive phase with negative anomali ...Loon, 1982">Rogers, J.C. and Van Loon, H. 1982. Spatial Variability of Sea Level Pressure and 500 mb Height Anomalies over the Southern Hemisphere, ''Mon. W
  54 KB (8,177 words) - 13:38, 22 August 2014
• Atmospheric circulation changes over the 21st century
  ...circulation in the warming of the Antarctic Peninsula, the distribution of sea ice, and the seasonal to interannual variability of the Southern Hemisphere ...re, ''Tellus'', '''46A''', 325-338.</ref>). More recently, analyses of sea level pressure have revealed secular decreases over the Antarctic, associated wit
  29 KB (4,462 words) - 17:11, 22 August 2014
• Attribution of ice sheet changes in the instrumental period
  ...is increases their discharge of ice into the ocean, and contributes to sea level rise. ...o test such models. To attribute the glaciological changes in the Amundsen Sea sector to a particular climate forcing will require a better understanding
  13 KB (1,943 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Biological response of birds and mammals
  ...g on individual physiology and behaviour is important, because that is the level at which natural selection works, and other responses ultimately depend on ...h changes in gene frequencies between generations, which at the population level is known as microevolution. Changes in gene frequencies are irreversible an
  16 KB (2,488 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Changes in Antarctic snowfall over the past 50 years
  ...wfall fluctuations of +/-20 mm/yr weq, i.e., +/-0.69 mm/yr GSL (global sea level) equivalent, are common (Monaghan et al., 2006a<ref name="Monaghan et al, 2 ...he Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets and shelves and contributions to sea-level rise: 1992-2002, ''Journal of Glaciology'', '''51'''(175), 509-527.</ref>)
  20 KB (3,125 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Changes in sea ice extent through the Holocene
  ...hange it will be essential to use proxy records to represent how Antarctic sea ice has changed in the past. ...., Pichon, J.J. and Burckle, L.H. 1998b. Reappraisal of Antarctic seasonal sea-ice at the Last Glacial Maximum, ''Geophysical Research Letters'', '''25'''
  24 KB (3,785 words) - 17:17, 22 August 2014
• Changes to the Terrestrial cryosphere over the next 100 years
  ...rdm; warmer than pre-industrial levels. The data also demonstrate that sea-level change, and therefore the rate of ice loss, will be neither uniform nor mon ...snowfall was included, and was highly significant. Without its effect, sea level rise projections would generally be 5 cm higher.
  26 KB (4,124 words) - 14:04, 22 August 2014
• Concluding remarks on the pre-instrumental period
  ...example is the occurrence of a later Holocene climate optimum in the Ross Sea which is in phase with a marked cooling observed in ice cores from coastal ...heet extent, including submarine surveys, and records of past relative sea level change. New biological evidence of floras that have survived through glacia
  7 KB (1,082 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Conclusions on the ice sheet in the instrumental period
  ...ctic ice sheet, the current state of the ocean is influencing the Amundsen Sea sector of West Antarctica and is likely also responsible for similarly beha ..., these events heighten concern about the near-future impact on global sea level of change in much larger ice reservoirs.
  3 KB (475 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Deglaciation of the continental shelf, coastal margin and continental interior
  ...n the most sensitive of the Antarctic ice sheets to climate change and sea level rise (Domack et al., 2003a<ref name="Domack et al, 2003a">Domack, E., Leven ...al shelf edge, based on an ice surface profile reconstructed from the Ross Sea (Stuiver et al., 1981<ref name="Stuiver et al, 1981">Stuiver, M., Denton, G
  22 KB (3,430 words) - 13:03, 22 August 2014
• Editors
  ...e. He has undertaken 13 expeditions at Mario Zucchelli Station in the Ross Sea, and 6 at Palmer Station on the Antarctic Peninsula, and participated in 3 ...in the past. Recent career highlights include developing new relative sea level curves for Antarctica, reconstructing the Holocene history of Antarctic Pen
  7 KB (1,089 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014
• Future developments in Antarctic observation
  ...tudies and models of the circulation of the Southern Ocean and the role of sea ice. These observations are also hoping to contribute to improved character ...emain the same as before &ndash; to measure ice thickness on both land and sea very precisely so as to provide conclusive proof as to whether there is a t
  7 KB (1,040 words) - 16:16, 22 August 2014
• Glacial interglacial cycles
  ...J.C., McManus, J.F., Lambeck, K., Balbon, E. and Labracherie, M. 2002. Sea level and deep water temperature changes derived from bentic foraminifera isotopi ...deep water formation, gas exchange due to a decreasing sea ice cover, sea level rise and rising terrestrial carbon storage. Other models have identified th
  35 KB (5,415 words) - 15:33, 6 August 2014