Search results

Jump to: navigation, search

Page title matches

  • :''This page is part of the topic [[Models of the physical and biological environment of the Antarctic]]'' ...past and present-day climates. Simulation of present day climates by these models provides a way of rigorously testing their ability to reproduce reality. Su
    13 KB (2,051 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
  • :''This page is part of the topic [[Models of the physical and biological environment of the Antarctic]]'' ...tion of subglacial sediments. A recent overview of the status of Antarctic models is provided by Huybrechts (2004<ref name="Huybrechts, 2004">Huybrechts, P.
    33 KB (5,053 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
  • ...iological studies. In this section we examine some of the major classes of models used in Antarctic studies. #[[Coupled atmosphere-ocean models]]
    2 KB (322 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
  • :''This page is part of the topic [[Models of the physical and biological environment of the Antarctic]]'' ...omise between cost and physical realism. This is especially true for ocean models because the computational cost is always high, and can be hundreds of times
    37 KB (5,859 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
  • :''This page is part of the topic [[Models of the physical and biological environment of the Antarctic]]'' ...e large amount of computer time needed by the complex atmosphere and ocean models, but also due to a lack of observations and knowledge of the cryospheric co
    5 KB (833 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014

Page text matches

  • ...or all greenhouse gas scenarios, the light shading is the envelope for all models and all scenarios and the outer lines include an allowance for an additiona ...on from Greenland and Antarctica. However, as mentioned earlier, ice sheet models are incomplete and do not allow for a rapid dynamic response of the ice she
    16 KB (2,491 words) - 12:16, 22 August 2014
  • ...ace air temperature it is possible to use the projections from the various models to derive various estimates of how temperature may change over land and oce The atmospheric component of the next generation of climate models must have interactive chemistry if we are to obtain meaningful projections
    5 KB (788 words) - 15:49, 6 August 2014
  • .... The ice core data are also crucial in benchmarking climate and ice sheet models against observations. The longest ice core records date back over 800 ka (J
    17 KB (2,554 words) - 15:45, 6 August 2014
  • ##[[Models of the physical and biological environment of the Antarctic]]
    4 KB (504 words) - 16:51, 21 August 2014
  • ...et during and after the LGM and its contribution to global sea level. Most models predict the Antarctic Ice Sheet to have contributed c. 20 m to global sea l .../ref>), but the limited distribution of Antarctic RSL sites means that the models are still not as well constrained as for other continents.
    21 KB (3,294 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
  • ...be used for predictions of the future. Instead, coupled Chemistry-Climate Models are used. Those whose results are described below vary in their skill in re '''Table 5.1''' Models whose results appear in Figures 5.11, 5.12 and 5.13; * bromine chemistry no
    27 KB (4,305 words) - 15:22, 6 August 2014
  • The availability of gridded data from numerical weather prediction (NWP) models and reanalyses allows entirely automated methods to be used that can provid
    54 KB (8,177 words) - 12:38, 22 August 2014
  • ...ulti-model study, ''Ocean Sci.'', '''1''', 81-95.</ref>), although in some models a peak at around 7 years is observed (Marshall et al., 2007<ref name="Marsh ...Twentieth century simulation of the Southern Hemisphere climate in coupled models. Part 1: Large scale circulation variability, ''Clim. Dyn.'', '''26''', 217
    29 KB (4,462 words) - 16:11, 22 August 2014
  • ...40-year trends similar to those observed are reproduced in global climate models forced by a combination of ozone depletion, and increasing greenhouse gas c ...and of the consequences for inland ice sheet flow are needed to test such models. To attribute the glaciological changes in the Amundsen Sea sector to a par
    13 KB (1,943 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
  • :''This page is part of the topic [[Models of the physical and biological environment of the Antarctic]]'' ...rona antarctica (Myctophidae, Pisces) in Kerguelen by generalized additive models and geographic information systems, ''Polar Biol.'', '''30''', 951-959.</re
    8 KB (1,225 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
  • ...ntarctic surface mass balance and systematic biases in general circulation models, ''J. Geophys. Res.'', '''106''', 20653-20664.</ref>), van Lipzig et al. (2 ...meterizations of polar cloud microphysics and precipitation in atmospheric models (Guo et al., 2003<ref name="Guo et al, 2003">Guo, Z., Bromwich, D.H. and Ca
    20 KB (3,125 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
  • ...is debated. In order to improve the incorporation of sea ice into computer models of future climate change it will be essential to use proxy records to repre
    24 KB (3,785 words) - 16:17, 22 August 2014
  • ...radically revise their view of ice sheet sensitivity to climate. Existing models, based primarily on earlier views of the essential governing dynamics of ic ...et, Science, 320, No. 5877, 781-783.</ref>). It must be borne in mind that models disagree over many other details of atmospheric climate change in Antarctic
    26 KB (4,124 words) - 13:04, 22 August 2014
  • ...at have survived through glacial cycles also challenges existing ice sheet models where most of the available habitats are covered at the LGM.
    7 KB (1,082 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
  • :''This page is part of the topic [[Models of the physical and biological environment of the Antarctic]]'' ...past and present-day climates. Simulation of present day climates by these models provides a way of rigorously testing their ability to reproduce reality. Su
    13 KB (2,051 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
  • ...elf. While the Antarctic Peninsula Ice Sheet (APIS) has, according to some models, been a relatively minor (1-2 m) contributor to post-LGM sea level rise, it
    22 KB (3,430 words) - 12:03, 22 August 2014
  • ...004. Southern Ocean sea ice and its wider linkages: insights revealed from models and observations, ''Antarctic Science'', '''16''', 387-400.</ref>). Food we
    15 KB (2,381 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
  • ...ched in 2009. Ocean salinity observations will be important to studies and models of the circulation of the Southern Ocean and the role of sea ice. These obs ...hese data are essential for understanding ocean processes and as inputs to models for forecasting future change.
    7 KB (1,040 words) - 15:16, 22 August 2014
  • ...sea ice cover, sea level rise and rising terrestrial carbon storage. Other models have identified the importance of on and off states of the southern overtur
    35 KB (5,415 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
  • ...in percent derived with Modern Analog Techniques and Generalized Additive Models. Signature legend: (1) concomitant occurrence of cold-water indicator diato
    17 KB (2,705 words) - 16:43, 22 August 2014
  • :''This page is part of the topic [[Models of the physical and biological environment of the Antarctic]]'' ...tion of subglacial sediments. A recent overview of the status of Antarctic models is provided by Huybrechts (2004<ref name="Huybrechts, 2004">Huybrechts, P.
    33 KB (5,053 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
  • ...thermal ectotherms. In: Davison W, Williams CW (Eds) Antarctic Ecosystems: Models for a Wider Understanding, Caxton Press, Christchurch, New Zealand, 109-122 ...al growth rates of Antractic krill (''Euphausia superba''): II: Predictive models based on food, temperature, body length, sex, and maturity stage, ''Limnolo
    25 KB (3,817 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
  • ...s their consequences for the biosphere, and shows how the latest numerical models project changes into the future, taking into account human interference in ..., which is sensitive to changes in atmospheric and oceanic conditions. The models can be weighted according to their skill in simulating modern conditions.</
    48 KB (7,673 words) - 17:27, 22 August 2014
  • ...DRILLing (ANDRILL) project geological records, a feature also simulated by models (Pollard and DeConto, 2009<ref name="Pollard and DeConto, 2009">Pollard, D. ...) points to significant loss of Greenland and Antarctic ice. While climate models are able to capture the patterns of the orbital-driven warming of the Arcti
    142 KB (22,142 words) - 15:25, 6 August 2014
  • ...pointed out by Milne (2009<ref name="Milne, 2009">Milne, G.A. 2009. Using models to inform the field community: Far-field sea level data applications, PAGES
    8 KB (1,342 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
  • ...es. In: Davison W, Howard-Williams C, Broady P (eds) Antarctic Ecosystems: Models for Wider Ecological Understanding. Caxton Press, Christchurch, 315-318.</r ...overall transport of POPs to remote regions is accelerated with respect to models treating air and water separately (Beyer and Matthies, 2001<ref name="Beyer
    38 KB (5,770 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
  • ...fferent scenarios both experimentally and computationally to inform future models and enhance our understanding of Southern Ocean microbial ecology.
    2 KB (305 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
  • ...egions, and hence the forecasts made by Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models. Today, regions such as the Southern Ocean, previously a data void, are fil ...s, ''Ann. Glaciol'', '''20''', 242-248.</ref>). Satellites and atmospheric models provide some information about snow accumulation away from traverse routes,
    59 KB (9,046 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
  • ...els throw up contradictions that cannot be solved until new generations of models or observations become available. ...including both general circulation models (GCM) and simplified theoretical models, have been carried out in an effort to improve our understanding of the bas
    8 KB (1,343 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
  • ...iological studies. In this section we examine some of the major classes of models used in Antarctic studies. #[[Coupled atmosphere-ocean models]]
    2 KB (322 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
  • ...rror. Nevertheless, as shown above, extreme temperatures are not expected; models suggest a 0.5&ordm; to 1.0&ordm;C rise in the temperature of Southern Ocean ...do suggest the fauna is highly sensitive to acute warming. Current climate models suggest that acute warming is unlikely, as are average rises of more than 1
    54 KB (8,443 words) - 16:49, 22 August 2014
  • In this chapter we consider the various types of data and models that are available to investigate climatic and environmental change in the Mathematical models have been utilized increasingly in Antarctic research. Initially their appl
    2 KB (307 words) - 15:44, 6 August 2014
  • ...age appears to be another important driving factor of the ACC transport in models. The errors in the simulation of this density gradient, partly due to probl ...s. The gyre strengths and structures show a great range across the various models. The link between the gyre strengths and wind stress curls is weak, indicat
    33 KB (5,321 words) - 14:57, 22 August 2014
  • :''This page is part of the topic [[Models of the physical and biological environment of the Antarctic]]'' ...omise between cost and physical realism. This is especially true for ocean models because the computational cost is always high, and can be hundreds of times
    37 KB (5,859 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
  • ...ty analyses and models, as well as mechanistic studies and mechanism-based models. This approach demands an intensive coordination, not only of ongoing, but ...d to predict transport of propagules into (and out of) the Antarctic. Such models can also be used to elucidate advective processes in the Southern Ocean and
    25 KB (3,663 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
  • ...Ann. Glaciol.'', '''39''', 271-275.</ref>) and are not included in climate models. Giovinetto et al (1997<ref name="Giovinetto et al, 1997">Giovinetto, M.B., ...7, doi:10.1029/2006JD007482.</ref>) found that only 5 of 15 global climate models examined were able to simulate long term average values of net precipitatio
    18 KB (2,723 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
  • ...to realistically represent many high latitude processes and their effects. Models must take into account in far greater detail than at present the complex or ...cts. In addition, the models need to be interactively coupled to ice shelf models so that the impact of changes in ocean circulation and water mass delivery
    14 KB (2,069 words) - 15:14, 22 August 2014
  • :''This page is part of the topic [[Models of the physical and biological environment of the Antarctic]]'' ...e large amount of computer time needed by the complex atmosphere and ocean models, but also due to a lack of observations and knowledge of the cryospheric co
    5 KB (833 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
  • ...tudes is as data to be assimilated into numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. For example, Andrews and Bell (1998<ref name="Andrews and Bell, 1998">Andr
    20 KB (3,084 words) - 14:57, 6 August 2014
  • :''This page is part of the topic [[Models of the physical and biological environment of the Antarctic]]'' ...rce (Liebig&rsquo;s law). The difference between empirical and mechanistic models resides in the use of self-adapting variables by the latter to predict futu
    18 KB (2,786 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
  • ...cycle of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice coverages by 11 major global climate models, J. Geophys. Res., 111, doi:10.1029/2005JC003408.</ref>). ...doi:03110.01029/02007JD008933.</ref>). There is strong consensus among the models for an Antarctica-wide decrease in sea ice; the inter-model standard deviat
    4 KB (684 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
  • ...in percent derived with Modern Analog Techniques and Generalized Additive Models. Signature legend: (1) concomitant occurrence of cold-water indicator diato
    13 KB (2,050 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
  • ...r to small-scale mixing was assumed, which could be applied in large-scale models by properly selected mixing parameters. However, improved measurements of t ...transferred to the mesoscale eddy field. Current conceptual and numerical models of the Southern Ocean overturning circulation (see Rintoul et al. (2001<ref
    18 KB (2,816 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
  • ...tropospheric warming they need to be represented more realistically in the models.
    30 KB (4,676 words) - 17:04, 22 August 2014
  • ...ature trend over the Twenty First Century.png|Figure 5.6]]). All the CMIP3 models show a warming, but with a large range from 0.14 to 0.5&deg;C/decade under ...the southward migration of the storm tracks that is simulated by the CMIP3 models (Yin, 2005<ref name="Yin, 2005">Yin, J. H. 2005. A consistent poleward shif
    8 KB (1,217 words) - 14:34, 6 August 2014
  • ...a situation where we can develop a quantitative predictive model (or even models) that completely qualifies the response of Antarctic ecosystems to climate
    22 KB (3,193 words) - 14:34, 6 August 2014
  • ..., C., Holland, M., Str&oelig;ve, J. and Weimerskirch, H. 2009. Demographic models and IPCC climate projections predict the decline of an emperor penguin popu ...report we have chosen to use the average temperatures thrown up by IPCC 19 models, rather than any of the extremes.
    20 KB (3,055 words) - 14:34, 6 August 2014
  • ...16-530.</ref>). Satellite radar interferometry has been used with ice flow models to show that the ice shelf sped up considerably in the period before its fi
    40 KB (6,031 words) - 17:17, 22 August 2014
  • ...ervational evidence of the increase in ACC transport also predicted by the models (B&ouml;ning et al., 2008<ref name="B&ouml;ning et al, 2008">B&ouml;ning, C
    14 KB (2,205 words) - 14:34, 6 August 2014
  • ...bution of sea ice. Studies of coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation models show that the strength of the SAM should increase as the Earth warms, confi
    12 KB (1,933 words) - 15:38, 22 August 2014

View (previous 50 | next 50) (20 | 50 | 100 | 250 | 500)