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• Antarctic climate and environment change in the instrumental period
  ...Ocean, ocean conditions, the sea ice extent and the terrestrial and marine biology. ...this really began the period of organised scientific investigation in the Antarctic. Most of these stations were not operated for long periods, which is a hand
  3 KB (501 words) - 15:48, 6 August 2014
• Antarctic Climate Change and the Environment
  ...as changed from Deep Time until the present day. It also considers how the Antarctic environment may change over the next century in a world where greenhouse ga ...fic Committee on Antarctic Research ([http://www.scar.org/ SCAR]) known as Antarctic Climate Change and the Environment (ACCE), which is described in [[About AC
  4 KB (504 words) - 16:51, 21 August 2014
• Atmospheric chemistry in the instrumental period
  :''This page is part of the topic [[Antarctic climate and environment change in the instrumental period]]'' ==Antarctic stratospheric ozone in the instrumental period==
  43 KB (6,788 words) - 16:07, 22 August 2014
• Biological modelling and bioregionalization
  ...rt of the topic [[Models of the physical and biological environment of the Antarctic]]'' ...dquo; structuring communities of the sublittoral Antarctic macrobenthos, ''Antarctic Sci.'', '''12''' (3), 297-313.</ref>) to others with possibly the lowest co
  8 KB (1,225 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
• Biological response of birds and mammals
  :''This page is part of the topic [[Marine biology over the next 100 years]]'' ...(Futuyma, 1998<ref name="Futuyma, 1998">Futuyma, D. J. 1998. Evolutionary biology. 3^rd ed. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA.</ref>; Berteaux et
  16 KB (2,488 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
• Biological responses to 21st climate climate change
  :''This page is part of the topic [[Antarctic climate and environment change over the next 100 years]]'' ...Southern Ocean: vulnerability of benthic species to temperature change, ''Antarctic Sci.'', '''17''', 497-507.</ref>) suggests that long-term survival of these
  4 KB (557 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
• Biological responses to climate change
  :''This page is part of the topic [[Antarctic climate and environment history in the pre-instrumental period]]'' ...ing of the climate and biological changes that might be anticipated over [[Antarctic climate and environment change over the next 100 years|the next 100 years]]
  3 KB (503 words) - 12:42, 22 August 2014
• Biota of the Antarctic
  :''This page is part of the topic [[The Antarctic environment in the global system]]'' ...plorers (Wilkes and Dumont d&rsquo;Urville) explored the high latitudes of Antarctic coastal waters. During these voyages many distinctive species were discover
  9 KB (1,315 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
• Editors
  ...the Global Climate System from 2005 to 2008. He is the co-author of &lsquo;Antarctic Meteorology and Climatology&rsquo; and &lsquo;Polar Lows: Mesoscale Weather ...s and has led 15 Antarctic field expeditions to study dynamics of the West Antarctic ice sheet. During his 29 years at NASA, he has developed numerous unique ap
  7 KB (1,089 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
• ENSO links and teleconnections to vertebrate life histories and population
  :''This page is part of the topic [[Marine biology in the instrumental period]]'' ...slands, 1976-1987: implications for Southerrn Ocean monitoring studies. In Antarctic Ocean resources variability (ed. D Sahrhage), 261-285. Berlin, Germany: Spr
  15 KB (2,381 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
• Holocene climate change in East Antarctica (EA)
  ...., Sugden, D.E. and Fink, D. 2007. Cenozoic Landscape Evolution of an East Antarctic Oasis (Radok Lake Area, Northern Prince Charles Mountains), and Its Implica ...Evolution and Processes. Proceedings of the VII International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences, Siena, 1995. Terra Antarctica, Sienna, 809-820.</ref>).
  38 KB (5,787 words) - 16:39, 22 August 2014
• Impacts of instrumental period climate change on invertebrates
  :''This page is part of the topic [[Marine biology in the instrumental period]]'' ...thermal specialization paradigm: compensation for elevated temperatures in Antarctic fish, ''Biol. Lett.'', '''2''', 151-154.</ref>).
  25 KB (3,817 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
• Impacts of instrumental period climate change on macroalgae
  :''This page is part of the topic [[Marine biology in the instrumental period]]'' ...">Wiencke, C. and Clayton, M.N. 2002. Antarctic Seaweeds, (Synopses of the Antarctic Benthos. Ed.: J. W. W&auml;gele and J. Sieg ; Vol. 9), Ruggell : Gantner ;
  11 KB (1,587 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
• Key points - 2009 version
  ...l not last. Over the next century we expect ozone concentrations above the Antarctic to recover, but if greenhouse gas concentrations increase at the present ra ...olation of Antarctica as other continents drifted away from it, and as the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) developed, rather than due to any change in atmos
  48 KB (7,673 words) - 17:27, 22 August 2014
• Key points - 2013 version
  ...CE Consortium. 2009. Review: Antarctic climate change and the environment, Antarctic Science, 1-23.</ref>). ...ch results emerged. Short information papers describing recent advances in Antarctic climate change and its possible impacts on biota were presented to the ATCM
  142 KB (22,142 words) - 15:25, 6 August 2014
• Marine and terrestrial pollution
  :''This page is part of the topic [[Marine biology in the instrumental period]]'' ...bal processes (Bargagli, 2005<ref name="Bargagli, 2005">Bargagli, R. 2005. Antarctic Ecosystems: Environmental Contamination, Climate Change, and Human Impact.
  38 KB (5,770 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
• Marine biological responses to climate change
  ...: Lower Tertiary La Meseta Formation, Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctic Research Series, 55, 152 pp.</ref>). Thereafter shallow-marine benthic moll ...Southern Ocean marine fauna. In: J.A. C (ed) Origins and evolution of the Antarctic biota. Geological Society Special Publications. vol. 7. The Geological Soci
  54 KB (8,173 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
• Marine biology in the instrumental period
  :''This page is part of the topic [[Antarctic climate and environment change in the instrumental period]]'' #[[Understanding the seasonality of Antarctic benthic shelf communities]]
  657 B (84 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
• Marine biology over the next 100 years
  ...Convey, P., Allen, C.S. and Clarke, A.C. 2006. Incursion and excursion of Antarctic biota: past, present and future, ''Global Ecol Biogeogr'', '''15''', 121-14 ...rated populations of the Antarctic octopus ''Pareledone turqueti''. Marine Biology, 129 (1), 97-102.</ref>) conclude that a previously suspected oceanographic
  9 KB (1,386 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
• Marine biota of the Antarctic
  :''This page is part of the topic [[Biota of the Antarctic]]'' ...ted habitats because of their unusual faunas, which make the waters of the Antarctic shelf comparable to classic evolutionary sites such as the Galapagos.
  43 KB (6,450 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
• Marine picoplankton response to climate change
  :''This page is part of the topic [[Marine biology over the next 100 years]]'' ...rctic Peninsula and potential implications for the Antarctic food web. In: Antarctic Ecosystems: Models for Wider Ecological Understanding. W. Davidson, C. Howa
  2 KB (305 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
• Near-shore marine disturbances over the next 100 years
  :''This page is part of the topic [[Marine biology over the next 100 years]]'' ...x, A., Vaughan, D. and Ferrigno, J. 2005, Retreating glacier fronts on the Antarctic Peninsula over the past half-century, ''Science'', '''308''', 541-544.</ref
  54 KB (8,443 words) - 16:49, 22 August 2014
• Observations, data accuracy and tools
  ...that are available to investigate climatic and environmental change in the Antarctic. We examine the availability and accuracy of ''in-situ'' physical and biolo ...ice and ocean modelling. However, they are now starting to be employed in biology &ndash; a trend that seems set to continue in the future.
  2 KB (307 words) - 15:44, 6 August 2014
• Observations of marine biology
  ...inst sampling effort, from SOMBASE.png|thumb|'''2.29''' Large-scale circum-Antarctic depiction and analysis of semi-standardized biodiversity-datasets is possib Historical expeditions in Antarctic offshore waters dating back to the second half of the 19^th centu
  23 KB (3,516 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
• Observations of terrestrial biology
  ...humb|'''2.30''' Commonly used terrestrial biogeographic regions within the Antarctic.]] ...P. 2007b. Influences on and origins of terrestrial biodiversity of the sub-Antarctic islands, Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania, 141, 83-9
  12 KB (1,761 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
• Ocean models of the Southern Ocean
  ...rt of the topic [[Models of the physical and biological environment of the Antarctic]]'' ...circulation and water mass distribution on the Ross Sea continental shelf, Antarctic Science, 15 (1), 3-11 (doi: 10.1017/S0954102003001007).</ref>). The model e
  37 KB (5,859 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
• Pathways of research in cold-adapted organisms and climate change
  :''This page is part of the topic [[Marine biology over the next 100 years]]'' ...d Smith, R.C. 2007. Climate change and the marine ecosystem of the western Antarctic Peninsula, ''Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B'', '''362''', 149-166.</ref>).
  25 KB (3,663 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
• Prospects for marine invasions by non-indigenous species
  :''This page is part of the topic [[Marine biology over the next 100 years]]'' ...wn S.L. 2007. Mytilus on the move: transport of an invasive bivalve to the Antarctic, ''Mar. Ecol Progr. Ser.'', '''339''', 307-310.</ref>) found that mussels (
  13 KB (2,063 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
• Regional patterns of holocene climate change in Antarctica
  ...d Evans, J. 2009. Mechanisms of Holocene palaeoenvironmental change in the Antarctic Peninsula region, ''The Holocene'', '''19''', 51-69.</ref>), the role of va ...story of the Antarctic Peninsula since the Last Glacial Maximum, Arctic, ''Antarctic and Alpine Research'', '''35''', 175-186.</ref>).
  10 KB (1,543 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
• Satellite observations of the Southern Ocean
  ...S.W. and Worby, T. 2006. Validating Satellite Radar Altimetry Estimates of Antarctic sea ice Thickness Using the ASPeCt Data set, Proceedings of 2006 American G ...ariations in ocean chlorophyll concentration contribute information on the biology of the Southern Ocean and are a key input for modeling of the South Ocean e
  20 KB (3,084 words) - 14:57, 6 August 2014
• Sea ice biological and physical modeling
  ...rt of the topic [[Models of the physical and biological environment of the Antarctic]]'' ...lgal growth (Garrison, 1991<ref name="Garrison, 1991">Garrison, D.L. 1991. Antarctic sea ice biota, ''Am. Zool.'', '''31''', 17-33.</ref>).
  18 KB (2,786 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
• Sea ice ecosystems in the instrumental period
  :''This page is part of the topic [[Marine biology in the instrumental period]]'' ...ism will be a major source of food supply to the sponge-dominated fauna of Antarctic shelves and explains the apparent lack of gearing of reproduction of the sh
  2 KB (306 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
• Sea level observations
  ...ure 2.28 - Map of the main Antarctic tide gauges.png|thumb|'''2.28''' Main Antarctic tide gauges described in the text.]] ...commenced in 1958, the equipment having been installed at the then British Antarctic Survey Faraday base during the International Geophysical Year, thereby prov
  11 KB (1,784 words) - 14:33, 6 August 2014
• Terrestrial biological responses to climate change
  ...). Exceptions to this generalization are provided first by the continental Antarctic &lsquo;Dry Valleys&rsquo; of Victoria Land, providing several thousand squa ...ity as the LGM approached, leaving only continental taxa, and that the sub-Antarctic taxa have not yet returned to the lakes post LGM.
  21 KB (3,069 words) - 17:14, 22 August 2014
• Terrestrial biology in the instrumental period
  :''This page is part of the topic [[Antarctic climate and environment change in the instrumental period]]'' ...ures are found in coastal regions of the continent, particularly along the Antarctic Peninsula and in Victoria Land, terrestrial habitats exist in all sectors o
  32 KB (4,651 words) - 15:17, 6 August 2014
• Terrestrial biology over the next 100 years
  ...itude. Furthermore, regional environmental change in the sub- and maritime Antarctic is likely to act in synergy with anthropogenic transfer, lowering the curre ...of Antarctic bryophytes after leaching and repeated freeze-thaw cycles, ''Antarctic Science'', '''4''', 399-404.</ref>). Thus, one of the major consequences of
  22 KB (3,193 words) - 14:34, 6 August 2014
• Terrestrial biota of the Antarctic
  :''This page is part of the topic [[Biota of the Antarctic]]'' ...d the &lsquo;sub-Antarctic&rsquo; (those islands that lie in or around the Antarctic Polar Frontal Zone (PFZ).
  22 KB (3,222 words) - 15:12, 6 August 2014
• The Antarctic marine ecosystem in the year 2100
  ...arnes and Peck, 2008">Barnes, D.K.A. and Peck, L.S. 2008. Vulnerability of Antarctic shelf biodiversity to predicted climate change, ''Climate Research'', '''37 ...und the Antarctic Peninsula and at the sea ice margin as well as along the Antarctic Convergence (Polar Front) are the main foci of ecological climate research.
  20 KB (3,055 words) - 14:34, 6 August 2014
• The Greenhouse world - from the breakup of Gondwana to 34 million years ago
  ...ne in a Changing World. Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC, 19-27.</ref>) ...ertiary times has been found on Seymour Island and Alexander Island in the Antarctic Peninsula. This demonstrates that, despite its polar position, Antarctica h
  20 KB (3,076 words) - 14:34, 6 August 2014
• The impact of global climate change in polar marine environments
  :''This page is part of the topic [[Marine biology over the next 100 years]]'' ...ed, but legal and illegal fishing continues, especially for Patagonian and Antarctic Toothfish as well as for krill.
  14 KB (2,188 words) - 14:34, 6 August 2014
• The open ocean system in the instrumental period
  :''This page is part of the topic [[Marine biology in the instrumental period]]'' ....J., Tarling, G.A. and Fleming, A.H. 2008. Oceanic circumpolar habitats of Antarctic krill, ''Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser'', '''362''', 1-23.</ref>, &copy; Atkinson et
  28 KB (4,437 words) - 14:34, 6 August 2014
• Understanding the seasonality of Antarctic benthic shelf communities
  :''This page is part of the topic [[Marine biology in the instrumental period]]'' ...n a metre thick, which is why most of the large predators abandon the high Antarctic at the start of the long austral winter.
  9 KB (1,434 words) - 14:34, 6 August 2014